The Anti-Materiel Rifle (AMR) Part II: Employment and Tactics, by Mike
Part I of this two-part series established the importance of the AMR in your team’s arsenal (you do have a team, right?). In other words, Part I was the “why.” In this article I will explain the “how” by covering how to outfit your AMR team, what kind of training is necessary, and certain tactics for employing your designated AMR team.
The AMR Team
The AMR is most effective when used in a 2-man team consisting of a gunner and a Spotter. The gunner’s role is setting up, firing, and reloading the AMR. The spotter’s job is to identify and communicate targets and ballistic data to the gunner, as well as provide additional security for the gunner if the team is to operate independently.
It is important that the AMR team train together regularly in both firing and non-firing drills. Firing drills build familiarity with the weapon, while non-firing drills improve the communication between gunner and spotter to maximize efficiency.
AMR Team Load-outs
The AMR gunner’s primary weapon is the heavy AMR. Depending on what model you get (assuming that you run a 50 BMG), the rifle alone will weigh between 17 and 36 pounds. I recommend that he also carry a pistol for self-defense. The gunner should carry enough ammunition to accomplish the mission at hand, but not much more to save on weight. I recommend 30-50 rounds total for the rifle, preferably of varying types (i.e. half FMJ and half API) for versatility, as well as 2-4 extra mags for the pistol.
The spotter should be armed with a semi-automatic carbine so he can act as a bodyguard for the gunner. He should also carry binoculars or a spotting scope. Additionally, the spotter and gunner should carry camouflage netting and a few empty sandbags if they plan to set up a hide.
The AMR Hide
When possible, the AMR team should construct a hide site. Location for a hide must have ample cover and concealment but also have good line of sight to potential targets, especially on roads. Sandbags should be used to provide additional protection from enemy fire, and then fully camouflaged.
Great care should be taken to conceal the gunner and spotter while firing. A blanket should be laid down under the rifle to prevent the muzzle blast kicking up a dust cloud to give away the hide. To hide muzzle flash, the muzzle of the AMR should not extend past the sandbag wall it is firing through. The same principle applies when constructing a hide in a building; the gunner should fire from back inside the room, not extending the barrel out a window.
On Patrol
The AMR team, due to its specialized role, is vulnerable when operating completely on its own. It is preferred that the AMR team operates as an attachment to a rifle squad to escort it on missions. When the squad reaches the objective rally point (ORP), the AMR team can detach to move into their final firing position. If possible, a fire team is assigned as a security element.
When attached to a squad on patrol to or from an objective, the AMR team should be in the middle of the formation near the squad leader. This is to protect the team and allows the squad leader (who will often have the most complete picture of the situation) more direct control of the AMR team. If ambushed, the spotter will function as any other rifleman in the squad while the gunner seeks cover, holds his fire until assigned a target by the squad leader, and if necessary draws his pistol to defend himself. I say again, the AMR is NOT used for suppressing fire, it is not suited to this task and would be a waste of the (likely scarce) large-caliber rounds it fires.
Ambushing Convoys
The AMR team is a valuable asset when ambushing convoys, especially convoys with an armored vehicle or two as an escort. It would almost never do this alone, and would require at least a fire team to supplement it. In this case the AMR would be assigned to neutralize the armored vehicles in the convoy. It is necessary here to detail where the gunner should aim to cause different effects on a lightly armored vehicle. Remember, to reliably fight armored vehicles, you will need AP or API ammunition (avoid API-T, tracers point two ways).
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Engine block: A hit here has varying effects, in some cases shutting down the engine immediately, in some cases the engine may continue running for several minutes while it drains fluids. It depends on where in the engine block it is hit. However, a hit here with any kind of 50 BMG ammo will always “deadline” the vehicle, removing it from service and requiring it to be sent away to get repaired.
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Driver: Taking out the driver is always the fastest way to stop a moving vehicle. This also does minimal damage to the vehicle, which is good if you want to capture the vehicle and use it yourself. I will note here that most “bulletproof” glass, including HMMWV windshields, can be consistently penetrated by black-tip .308 ammo.
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Tires: Tires are difficult to hit, and if popped will hinder the vehicle but not necessarily slow or stop it. Unless the vehicle has massively over-sized tires, like a BTR or an LAV, they’re usually not worth aiming at. Caterpillar tracks on military vehicles are heavily armored, so unless you have a 20mm/30mm AT cannon, don’t even think about aiming there.
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Turret: This normally houses the most dangerous weapons in the convoy, and so should be a priority target (unless you want to face a possible MK-19 full-auto grenade launcher or M2 50 cal). Some modern armored vehicles have remote-operated turrets, controlled from inside the vehicle. The only way to silence one of those is by disabling the weapon itself with a heavy round to the receiver, or targeting the gunner inside the vehicle.
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Fuel tanks: Despite what you have seen in movies, this is not a good tactic even with incendiary ammunition. Furthermore, military-grade diesel fuel won’t burn even if you hold an open flame up to it, so shooting the fuel tank will only drain it slightly.
Attacking an Airfield/Motor Pool
There may be times when you want to cripple an enemy’s ability to move/project power in your AO. If you know where he parks his trucks or lands his aircraft but you lack the strength to assault him, it is possible to cripple his vehicles from a distance with well-aimed shots from an AMR team.
The way this should be done is with a fire team or rifle squad with an AMR team attached. At the ORP, the AMR team detaches and sets up a hide in a position from which they can target as many vehicles/aircraft as possible. If possible, the AMR team will set up outside the effective range of enemy direct fire weapons, taking full advantage of their range, while the fire team sets up security on the most likely avenue of approach of any enemy maneuver element.
However, if the terrain is such that the AMR team must engage within range of enemy direct fire weapons, the fire team will set up in covered and concealed positions offset at least 100m from the AMR hide, and launch a diversionary attack by fire (shooting only, not actually maneuvering to assault). This is to draw enemy attention away from the AMR team while they accomplish the mission. In either case, the attack should last no longer than 2-3 minutes to prevent the enemy from maneuvering on either the fire team or the AMR hide. Once the AMR team has accomplished its mission and has ceased firing, they rendezvous with the fire team back at the ORP and slip away.
During the attack, all that the AMR team must do is place one shot in the engine block of each enemy vehicle to deadline it. For rotary wing aircraft, one shot is placed in the engine, which is usually just below the rotors (depending on the model). In 2 minutes, given proper positioning of the hide, the AMR team can deadline up to 20 enemy vehicles in this fashion with little risk to themselves.
Fixed-wing aircraft are highly modular and designed to take shrapnel damage along most of their body. The place to aim is just in front of and slightly below the cockpit. This is where a highly complex set of linkages is located that connect the cockpit controls to the rest of the aircraft. It is incredibly difficult to remove, repair, and re-install, so a round here will cause the most headache to the enemy and keep the aircraft out of service, at least for a while. Unlike diesel fuel in ground vehicles, jet fuel is highly flammable, so incendiary rounds to the fuselage can have devastating effect if the aircraft is fueled. This is where reconnaissance in advance can be incredibly useful, as it will reveal which aircraft are fueled up ready to be scrambled and which are stored empty.
Supporting an Assault
When used to support riflemen in assaults/raids, the AMR team will stay with the support element. The AMR will target heavily fortified enemy defensive positions, punching through almost any barricade. It will also be used on any priority targets assigned by the leader of the support element.
In the Defense
Like automatic weapons, the AMR in the defense should be set up on a likely avenue of approach, specifically the most likely avenue of approach for enemy vehicles. The hide should be offset from other defensive positions and well camouflaged, since it is the defenders’ only counter to armored vehicles.
As you can see, the AMR is a powerful tool when used correctly. Whether you get the most modern Barrett model or a budget Serbu, as long as you train often you will be a potent force-multiplier. So grab a buddy and get training! If you don’t know how to train as a team, come to a class. I cover this in my Team Leader class, and NC Scout’s Scout Course is an excellent place to practice working in a small unit.
Stay vigilant, stay deadly, stay alive.
-Mike
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Great information and extremely well written. Thank you, Mike!
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Lacking an AMR, would disabling the vehicle cooling system be the next best target? What about antennas or batteries/electrical system?
A well placed 30cal bullet does quite a bit.
Depends on a lot of factors. Are you trying to stop a moving vehicle, or disable a stationary one? What kind of vehicle is it? Are you concerned with neutralizing it as an immediate threat, or just giving enemy mechanics more work to do?
Cooling system and batteries will likely be protected by the vehicle’s armor. Antennas are exposed, but easy to replace and don’t cripple the vehicle as a threat, although they will reduce their ability to call for support. Homemade spike strips or caltrops could, if used cleverly, reduce or kill a vehicle’s mobility. There are other methods for disabling armored vehicles, but most require you to get far too close for comfort.
Great article as usual! Now the only thing I need is an AMR! Hell .50 BMG ammo costs the same per shot as some 9mm rounds these days.
Military trucks have a forward facing FLIR system mounted. The viewing screen is where the sun visor would be. This is used to scan for LPOP’s and Ambushes. They work very, very well. Don’t sit out in the open. This isn’t deer hunting.
QRF and Helicopters will be on station within minutes of you initiating contact.
What kind of trucks are you referring to? I’ve never seen a HMMWV, 7-ton, or 5-ton with built-in FLIR unless there was a CROWS remote turret installed.
MRAPs and MATVs overseas.
I once had this misfortune of driving through a field where some idiot (me), forgot a coil of high tensile wire in deep grass. About two miles later, the brake light came on. The HTW acted as vehicle tanglefoot. It didn’t immediately immobilize my truck, but pretty quickly.
Great article. How about slugs like this as an option with a longer barrel? https://www.ammunitiondepot.com/1233-precision-gun-works-12-ga-armor-piercing.html. Sold out, but a possible option?
On a second note. Turns out Ricardo Tario, of P.B. turns out to be an ‘informant’?
Furthermore, interesting interview with ‘Boggalo’ leadership, Mike Dunn on infowars? Sounds like another set up kind of a guy? I’ve never bought into either both movements. My gut has been right. All legal options have not been exercise.
Great info I saved and will print out a hard copy and stick in my binder. As much as I’d like to have a .50cal its a bit out of the budget right now. But my brother has a 30-06 deer rifle and it appears AP round are still available for it.
In Part I, the 338 Lapua was mentioned as a possible AMR. I have read accounts of the 50 BMG being used to stop VBIED’s (normally unarmored NTV type vehicles) by putting rounds through the engine block. I have seen very little information on the employment of medium rounds, such as the Lapua, in such a role. Given that arms in the 338 Lapua class are likely more common than those in 50 BMG, and likely easier to supply, they would seem to make sense in a security role if properly employed. I would welcome a Part III to this series that explains how best to employ a 338 Lapua as an AMR.
The 338 has a principle advantage of better ballistic coefficient over the 50 for long range performance. That said. the 50 was designed as an AMR that happened to perform well enough in a accurized role- the 338, a sniper round that had enough carried energy at closer ranges to perform similar to an AMR against soft-skinned vehicles.
I’d look hard at what Barrett did with the 416.
I’d like to, but I only write about what I know, and sadly I have no experience using 338 Lapua nor do I know enough about it’s terminal ballistics to comment on what it is and isn’t effective against. I will, however, debate you on the ease of resupply for the weapon, though.
50 BMG is a uniquely American round that is now NATO-standardized. For this reason, 50 BMG is half as expensive per round as 338 LM. It is mostly used in the M2 Machinegun, and machineguns require a variety of ammunition for a variety of purposes. This results in a fairly common availability of purpose-made AP, API, and API-T 50 BMG ammo which is still cheaper per round than standard 338 LM ball ammo.
X products has .50 onsale. API in stock 10% existing customers. https://xproducts.com/product-category/ammo-and-blanks/50-bmg-ammunition/
Aviation gasoline (100LL) is extremely flammable, as any gasoline is.
Jet Fuel, either JP-8 (mil grade, also used in diesel engines) or Jet-A/A1/B is not especially flammable.
JP-4 (no longer used, because of it’s flammability) is not really very flammable, a pool of it in a hangar could not be ignited with a match, in an experiment I once saw an NCO attempt – deliberately.
If you wish to disable a turbine (jet) engine, a one-shot kill (likely with any round) would be in the fan section (usually the front) or the turbine/gas generator (usually the back). Lots of machined parts, spinning at thousands of RPM – it doesn’t take much to disable
How effective might the steel jacket African rounds in the .375-.458 range be? Still pretty available. Not long range for the most part.
They’d destroy the modern aluminum block.
Keep in mind too, that armored vehicles rarely have armored engine compartments. You can take those out quickly.
Anyone have experience with 7.62 SLAP rds? Accuracy and penetration?